Chanson Hubert: Air Bubble Entrainment in Free-Surface Turbulent Shear Flows

This book develops an analysis of the air entrainment processes in free-surface flows. These flows are investigated as homogeneous mixtures with variable density. The variations of fluid density are caused by the non-uniform air bubble distributions and result from a turbulent diffusion process. Several types of air-water free-surface flows are studied: plunging jet flows, open channel flows, and water jets discharging into air. Each configuration can be characterised as a high-velocity free-surface flow with turbulent shear layers and large air bubble contents. Experimental observations confirm the concept that the air-water mixture behaves as a homogeneous compressible fluid in each case.